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HAM COMMUNICATION-IMPORTANT POINTS



HAM: hertz amstrong marconi
these were the scientists who introduced this concept to the world.




Amateur Service means a service of self training, inter-communication and technical investigations carried on by amateurs that is, by persons duly authorized under these rules interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest.




Restricted Grade: The written test will be of one hour duration. The maximum marks will be 100 and candidate must secure at least 40% in each section and 50% in aggregate for a pass. General Grade: The written test will be of two hour duration. The maximum marks will be 100 and the candidate must secure at least 50% in each section and 60% in aggregate for a pass. One must also qualify in Morse Code at 8 w.p.m.

note: Morse code (Only for General Grade): The test piece will consist of a plain language passage of 200 characters which may comprise of letters, figures. Test piece may also contain the following punctuations i.e. full stop; comma; semi colon; break-sign; hyphen and question mark. The average words shall contain five characters and each figure and punctuation will be counted as two characters. The test will be for five consecutive minutes at a speed of 8 words per minute. More than 5 errors will disqualify a candidate.

Now, before starting this section of our course, we will be required to know the following facts as follows:


1: WPC(wireless planning and co-ordinatin wing) of the ministry of communication and technoloy,departement of telecommunication, issues the license.



2:The two catogories of amatuar lisence are:
a) Restricted license

b) General license




3:The Amateur licence will be issued to citizens of India above 12 years old who passes the ASOC exam.



4:Holders of Certificate of Proficiency like Radio Communication Operators General or Radio Telegraph Operators First or Second Class Certificate are eligible for Restricted Grade Amateur license without writing any exams.



5:Applicants holding Degree in Engineering / Science or Diploma in Engineering and having studied electronics or telecommunications is exempted from appearing in Section A of Part I of the test.



6:Licenses are also given to Radio Club, society, school, college or any institution interested in this hobby, provided that the office bearer is having General License.



7:6. RECIPROCAL LICENSE Foreign nationals are eligible for reciprocal license under the following conditions:
i. The applicant must be above 18 years.
ii. The applicant must be holder of appropriate category of licence.(restricted or general)
iii. The license shall be initially granted for one year or for the validity of the visa, whichever is earlier.(ie: if te visa period is more than a year,ten the validity depends on the validity of visa only)

note: in some cases,the gov. issues the reciprocal liscense if the country gov. of the foreign applicant issues the liscense to our indians.




8:TYPES OF MESSAGES FORBIDDEN TO BE TRANSMITTED BY RADIO AMATEURS

-> Reproduction of broadcast programs
-> tape recordings
-> transmissions of entertainment value
-> music
-> false or misleading calls
-> news
-> advertisements
-> business communications
-> topics on political or industrial controversy
-> sensitive topics related to racial, religious or communal feelings
-> messages for monetary benefit(involves business and profit) and
-> third party messages are forbidden.

note:third party msgs are the msgs which involves an un-autorised person involved in communication btw authorised operators.



9:CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH THIRD PARTY MESSAGES ARE PERMITTED
In case of failure of normal telecommunication facilities, ie: natural calamities like earthquakes, floods, cyclones, widespread fires etc. The messages must be addressed to District Collectors, District Magistrates, Deputy Commissioners or any other officials authorised by them. (ie:only when the officials grant the permission, one can handle third party msgs.)



10:SECRECY OF CORRESPONDENCE
If any secret message is received, we shall stop pur transmission and listen the msg carefully.one should try to find the origin of the msgs and should immediately inform to the duly authorised officer of the Central Govt. or competent legal tribunal. It shall not be reproduced in writing.



11:An Amateur Station is one which is Operated by a holder of a General Amateur Operator certificate of Competency on the amateur radio bands.



12:(ITU) International Telecommunication Union responsible for the International Radio Regulations.



13:CALL SINGS: call signs are meant to be used as the identification signs. Every country,station ad operator is assigned with a unique call sign.... ITU is responsible for assigning these call signs.
India as been assigned the following blocks of call signs as follows:

ATA-AWZ
VTA-VWZ
8TA-8YZ

ie:Indian operators can have call signs confined to these blocks only.


In India,call signs for general lisence holders starts with "VU2" and te restricted liscence holders have call signs starting from "VU3".

The first part of the call sign refers to the country code(ie:each country is identified with a unique set of no. and letters) ,while the other part carries two to three character and so identifies the individual operator.



14: DETAILS OF LOCATION OF STATION
The amateur station shall be operated only from the location given in the licence. Change of location can be made by paying Rs.200 and by sending the license to WPC for endorsement.



15: MOBILE/PORTABLE STATION
Permission for operating a station as a mobile or as a portable station from another location for demonstrations or for experiments can be obtained by an operator by paying Rs.200. The application also must include the area of operation and purpose. It shall be issued up to 90 days initially and for another 90 days upon request and by paying Rs.200. The suffix “MO’ must be added to the callsign followed by the location of the station.



16:AMATEUR STATION ON BOARD SHIP: Permission can be obtained for operating the amateur station from ships registered in India. Such Applications approved from the Master or owner of the ship.Its operation from another country’s territorial waters shall be according to the rules of that country. It shall not be operated while the ship is in any harbor in India. The callsign allotted shall have suffix MS’ followed by the callsign of the ships in case of Morse Code or the name of the ship in case of voice communication.



17: RST:
The RST system is used for giving reports of the signals received. R stands for Readability and has a range from 1 to 5. S stands for Signal Strength and has a range from 1 to 9. T stands for Tone and has a range from 1 to 9.
a best signal is designated as 9,5,9.



18:PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN TO ENSURE NON-INTERFERENCE TO OTHERS:
The station must be designed, constructed, erected, maintained and worked so as not to cause any interference to other stations. If interference is being caused by the amateur station, the licensee shall discontinue or restrict transmissions.
One must use only the minimum power needed to make the contact.
The signals must be free from harmonics, key clicks, hum or other spurious emissions.




19:RULES GOVERNING ERECTION/ PLACING OF WIRELESS
TELEGRAPH APPARATUS AND AERIALS BY AMATEURS The equipments must be so arranged as not to endanger the safety of the operator or others.
It must be kept in a safe condition so that it is not easily accessible to unauthorised persons. The aerial must be so erected, fixed or placed as not to cross above or fall on any power or telephone line. The height of the aerial must not cause hazard to aircrafts and must be within the limits specified by the Director General of Civil Aviation in India.





20:AMATEUR RADIO BEACON
Amateur Radio Beacon means a station in the Amateur Service having transmitter(s) emitting carrier wave along with identification signals at regular intervals. Such beacons can be directional or non-directional.



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